[arin-ppml] distributing resources for individuals

Wed Apr 16 15:51:54 EDT 2025

I know of at least one individual that was working to start a network and was harmed by this.  He is a colocation customer, unincorporated, and uses his network for himself and his place of employment; however the employer did not want to go through the process of obtaining numbering assets from ARIN, and the network is used for his own joint venture.  He simply saw the requirement and did not proceed.

I would ascertain that most legitimate networks operated by individuals is probably relatively small, however our colo somewhat acts as a network incubator giving a place for small networks to grow.  I believe most individuals stopped by this requirement would not reach out to ARIN for change.  If you look at some IXPs you’ll see there are plenty ran under assumed names, with some IXPs themselves being ran by individuals that aren’t incorporated.

If you look into small ISPs and IXPs, and their start, you’ll find that many of them start off as unincorporated sole proprietors.  One thing we’ve found is that these networks are likely to end up leasing IP space from an upstream provider as the barrier to obtaining their own IP Assets may be seen as too high.  In short, this causes providers that could probably get away with IPv6 + NRPM 4.10 IPv4 w/ CG-NAT are being forced to lease IPv4 as these lessors have a financial incentive to show leased IPv4 as a necessity for a new network, thus also possibly having the effect of stalling IPv6 adoption for these small networks that in turn grow into large ones.  Getting them onboarded w/ ARIN and running IPv6 from the start would be a win.  More educational material for IPv6 and numbering planning from ARIN would be great, and lowering and/or removing perceived barriers to entry will do a lot long term to help with this.

In short: We help small networks navigate this, and we have seen the requirement for a business license / assumed name / etc act as a barrier to entry for small networks, and I believe even for small IXPs, and may have a side effect of causing a barrier to IPv6 adoption for small networks.

I believe the notion of removing this barrier should be given great consideration.

Preston Ursini

> On Apr 14, 2025, at 6:37 PM, arin-ppml-request at arin.net wrote:
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> Today's Topics:
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>   1. Re: distributing resources for individuals (Scott Leibrand)
> 
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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> Message: 1
> Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 16:36:59 -0700
> From: Scott Leibrand <scottleibrand at gmail.com>
> To: arin-ppml at arin.net
> Subject: Re: [arin-ppml] distributing resources for individuals
> Message-ID:
> 	<CAGkMwz7q6-YRC6NexVd7LUNQhoMygFXFqy1bhKbay78D11wotg at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> 
> Do we have any examples of individuals who've come forward and claim to
> have been harmed by the current policy requirements? Or is this all
> hypothetical?
> 
> -Scott
> 
> On Mon, Apr 14, 2025 at 2:48?PM Mohibul Mahmud <mhasib at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
>> Hello all,
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Thank you for the engaging and thoughtful discussion. I'm Mohibul, a
>> former ARIN Meeting Fellow, and I'd like to contribute to this important
>> conversation.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> I echo the concerns raised about the potential barriers individuals face
>> when seeking Internet number resources from ARIN. As Jordi's example of
>> Spain highlights, the costs and bureaucratic hurdles associated with
>> establishing a sole proprietorship can disproportionately affect
>> individuals in some ARIN-region countries, creating a significant disparity
>> compared to places like the U.S. and Canada.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> I also acknowledge Fernando's point about the operational challenges of
>> individuals securing BGP-capable residential connections. However, I'm
>> concerned that this might cause us to overlook the needs of enthusiasts and
>> small-scale innovators who could greatly benefit from direct access to IPv6
>> resources for experimentation, personal projects, and technical learning.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> While I understand John's explanation regarding the public nature of
>> Internet resource management, I believe there may be room for a more
>> flexible approach. Could ARIN explore a policy path that allows individuals
>> to request limited resources (such as an IPv6 /48 or /56) under a
>> simplified, non-commercial framework? This framework could include specific
>> use-case declarations and operational constraints. For example, has ARIN
>> considered alternative models, such as RIPE NCC's approach to individual
>> memberships, and what lessons might be learned from those?
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> This approach could address the discrimination concerns raised, promote
>> broader participation and education within our community, and allow ARIN to
>> gather data on this specific demand.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> I believe this is an opportunity to balance the need for responsible
>> resource management with the goal of empowering a wider range of
>> individuals to contribute to the Internet's future.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Best regards,
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Mohibul
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> On Wed, Apr 9, 2025 at 4:04?AM <arin-ppml-request at arin.net> wrote:
>> 
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>>> Today's Topics:
>>> 
>>>   1. Re: distributing resources for individuals
>>>      (jordi.palet at consulintel.es)
>>> 
>>> 
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> 
>>> Message: 1
>>> Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 10:03:59 +0200
>>> From: "jordi.palet at consulintel.es" <jordi.palet at consulintel.es>
>>> To: arin-ppml at arin.net
>>> Subject: Re: [arin-ppml] distributing resources for individuals
>>> Message-ID: <DDA185F5-E986-4557-9C0F-4113220B8103 at consulintel.es>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>> 
>>> Hi Fernando,
>>> 
>>> I don?t have the dat, but I assume It is inexpensive in US and Canada,
>>> even if you don?t do business.
>>> 
>>> So for an individual, not willing to have any business, who wants to have
>>> IPv6 multihoming for its home and run BPG (or have BGP running by a
>>> provider that offer him two links, two diverse paths, etc.), is also so
>>> inexpensive? Does it means presenting monthly or quarterly tax
>>> declarations? Does it means paying any recurrent tax or social security (or
>>> similar) fee?
>>> 
>>> In Spain for example, unless I?m wrong, the different ways to become a
>>> self-employed (or even a sole-proprietorship corporation), means I need to
>>> present quarterly tax/VAT reports, yearly ones, pay monthly fees for social
>>> security (250-300 euros minimum per month), etc., etc., So really not
>>> inexpensive. And this is even if you don?t have actual business! If you
>>> don?t present those declarations, you will be fined. I?m guessing (not a
>>> conversation to have here, but in LACNIC), it may be similar in some LACNIC
>>> serviced countries.
>>> 
>>> Any my question now is if ARIN has ensured that this is the same
>>> situation in other countries in the service region, because it any country
>>> has not similar inexpensive and bureaucratic-less means of becoming a
>>> sole-proprietorship, then it is a problem and as said, I will consider it a
>>> discrimination.
>>> 
>>> Moreover, law in any country can change, so having this requirement, it
>>> means ARIN policies/membership is too dependent on law changes, which I
>>> don?t think is a good and safe way.
>>> 
>>> Regards,
>>> Jordi
>>> 
>>> @jordipalet
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> El 8 abr 2025, a las 20:06, Fernando Frediani <fhfrediani at gmail.com>
>>> escribi?:
>>>> 
>>>> Hi Jordi
>>>> 
>>>> The eventual cost for it, even in the Latin America Region for
>>> comparison, is negligible, since this model of doing business by yourself
>>> is normally very simplified. Additionally whoever is in need of resources
>>> for various usages may already have some type of operation with income or
>>> gains that justify this minimal spending to request resources in this legal
>>> model mentioned.
>>>> 
>>>> Although I see a point in what you say, I don't think there is a
>>> pressuring demand of individuals willing to do this and not being able due
>>> that.
>>>> 
>>>> Yes the point about individuals willing to have their own space
>>> allocation is valid, but there are several operational challenges that
>>> overcome any legal/bureaucratic ones in my view. Ex: getting a residential
>>> broadband connection that establishes a BGP session with the user.
>>>> 
>>>> Fernando
>>>> 
>>>> On 08/04/2025 14:55, jordi.palet--- via ARIN-PPML wrote:
>>>>> Hi John,
>>>>> 
>>>>> I fully understand your point, however, this is highly depending on
>>> each country regulation, in the case of ARIN it may be simpler (I think
>>> much less countries than for example in LACNIC or APNIC) and laws, or the
>>> way you legalize ?the business? is highly dependent even on possible
>>> changes, which may affect their relationship (even risk of cancelation of
>>> relationship) with the RIR.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Moreover, it means extra cost. Maybe that cost in US and Canada is
>>> negligible, but this is subjective, and subjected to changes, subjected to
>>> different countries, etc. I don?t think it is logic for a RIR to depend on
>>> so many external factors.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Also this is excluding an individual not willing to have a business,
>>> but willing to have multihoming with IPv6, with requires IPv6 PI, in
>>> his/her home. Why we want/need to exclude that? So in this case, he/she
>>> will be actually forced achieve the sole proprietorship. As said, in US and
>>> Canada may be si just a declaration, but not in many other countries. Is
>>> not that enforcing to circumvent the rules? Is that making any sense if you
>>> can actually do it legally? I don?t think so, is only adding bureaucracy
>>> and cost, which again is different in different countries, so creates a
>>> discrimination.
>>>>> 
>>>>> We also need to understand that those individuals that decide to
>>> directly to connect to Internet and as you said ?present them publicly",
>>> will only be able to do so via actual operators that provide them links
>>> with BGP, so that already ensures the operational coordination. In the end
>>> is the same for any smaller ISP, the overall majority of them don?t get in
>>> touch with those hundred thousand global operators, but only with their
>>> directly connected carriers, and anyway, they are engaged in  public
>>> activities.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Regards,
>>>>> Jordi
>>>>> 
>>>>> @jordipalet
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>>> El 8 abr 2025, a las 19:26, John Curran <jcurran at arin.net> <mailto:
>>> jcurran at arin.net> escribi?:
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Jordi ?
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> I note that individuals are private entities, whereas those who
>>> choose to participate in the Internet?s infrastructure are engaging in
>>> activities that are fundamentally public in nature. That is, participation
>>> carries the potential need for operational coordination with any of over
>>> one hundred thousand infrastructure operators globally ? in effect, making
>>> it a public activity.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> ARIN requires natural persons to present themselves publicly in order
>>> to hold rights to number resources. While this can be accomplished through
>>> the formation of a business, it is also readily achievable ? as Bill Herrin
>>> noted ? in many countries via a declaration of sole proprietorship, sole
>>> trader status, or similar constructs. This is not a circumvention of the
>>> ?organizations only? principle, but rather an acknowledgment that the
>>> resource holder understands they are engaging in inherently public
>>> activity, even if not conducting business per se.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>>> /John
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> John Curran
>>>>>> President and CEO
>>>>>> American Registry for Internet Numbers
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> On Apr 8, 2025, at 12:00?PM, jordi.palet--- via ARIN-PPML <
>>> arin-ppml at arin.net> <mailto:arin-ppml at arin.net> wrote:
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> The problem/difference is that:
>>>>>>> 1) Not all the countries in LAC will have the same legal situation
>>> that US and Canada that seems make it very easy to bypass the
>>> ?organizations only?.
>>>>>>> 2) It many countries it may mean extra artificial cost.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Setting up ?artificial barriers? to avoid individuals to have
>>> resources, is not only discriminatory, is also silly, because they can be
>>> bypassed with small or no cost in some countries, but bigger cost in other
>>> countries. No sense. Also that means we avoid the registries having a few
>>> extra members (note that I don?t think it will be a lot, but we should
>>> facilitate it, instead of try to avoid it).
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> The justification is a different problem, and this is handled by the
>>> initial allocation/assignment policy, not part of this dicussion. Obviously
>>> a small business with only a single site, will ask a /48 and if they need
>>> more they will need to do a full justification (just an example).
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Regards,
>>>>>>> Jordi
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> @jordipalet
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> El 8 abr 2025, a las 17:13, Fernando Frediani <fhfrediani at gmail.com>
>>> <mailto:fhfrediani at gmail.com> escribi?:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Therefore it is the same in LACNIC which works pretty much similar
>>> to what Bill described for some jurisdictions.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> But more important then this bureaucracy is that whoever is
>>> requesting the resources be able to justify the need for them, even for
>>> IPv6-only which is not scarce. Base should be able to justify the usage on
>>> some operation.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Fernando
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> On 08/04/2025 11:42, jordi.palet--- via ARIN-PPML wrote:
>>>>>>>>> Hi Bill,
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Yes, is the same in the EU (at least in Spain), when you have a
>>> self-employed, tax declaration is mixed.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> The only issue is that even if you have no business, you need to
>>> pay a monthly fee (social security, VAT declaration every 3 months, even if
>>> no activity, etc.) for keeping up the status of self-employed. Not sure if
>>> in US and Canada is the same.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Creating a corporation like the ?sloe proprietorship? that you
>>> mention, even if the cost is very low, still means that you need to do
>>> yearly declarations, etc. Again not sure if in US and Canada is the same.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> So I feel that this way in ARIN (and LACNIC) is not good for
>>> individuals, because it adds additional cost and burden that is
>>> discriminatory. Specially because in other countries (Caribbean) it may be
>>> not so easy, and this is the same in LACNIC that has more countries, which
>>> may have much different regulations, etc.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> The question here is *if* ARIN allowed (before) individuals to get
>>> resources, why it changed? it seems to be a step backwards, and decreasing
>>> competitiveness o
>>>>>>>>> self-employee and in fact small-medium business.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Tks!
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Regards,
>>>>>>>>> Jordi
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> @jordipalet
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> El 8 abr 2025, a las 15:57, William Herrin <bill at herrin.us>
>>> <mailto:bill at herrin.us> escribi?:
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 8, 2025 at 2:01?AM jordi.palet--- via ARIN-PPML
>>>>>>>>>> <arin-ppml at arin.net> <mailto:arin-ppml at arin.net> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> I?m trying to understand if is possible in ARIN  for both, a
>>> natural person with
>>>>>>>>>>> an economic activity (not sure if this is also call
>>> self-employment in all the
>>>>>>>>>>> ARIN service countries) and a natural person for its own
>>> ?private? life, to obtain resources.
>>>>>>>>>> Hi Jordi,
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> ARIN no longer contracts with natural persons, only businesses.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> However, in the U.S. and Canada (I'm not sure about the Caribbean)
>>>>>>>>>> it's a trivial matter to establish a "sole proprietorship." Some
>>>>>>>>>> states don't even require registration; you simply declare it. In
>>>>>>>>>> others it requires filling out a form and paying a small fee. In
>>> both
>>>>>>>>>> cases, the individual's personal and business finances are mixed
>>>>>>>>>> together; there are no separate taxes or accounting or anything
>>> like
>>>>>>>>>> that. The sole proprietorship is a business which can contract
>>> with
>>>>>>>>>> ARIN and acquire IP addresses.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Look up AS11875 for an example of how this works.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Regards,
>>>>>>>>>> Bill Herrin
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>> William Herrin
>>>>>>>>>> bill at herrin.us <mailto:bill at herrin.us>
>>>>>>>>>> https://bill.herrin.us/
>>>>>>>>> **********************************************
>>>>>>>>> IPv4 is over
>>>>>>>>> Are you ready for the new Internet ?
>>>>>>>>> http://www.theipv6company.com <http://www.theipv6company.com/>
>>>>>>>>> The IPv6 Company
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> This electronic message contains information which may be
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>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>> ARIN-PPML
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>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> **********************************************
>>>>>>> IPv4 is over
>>>>>>> Are you ready for the new Internet ?
>>>>>>> http://www.theipv6company.com <http://www.theipv6company.com/>
>>>>>>> The IPv6 Company
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> This electronic message contains information which may be privileged
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>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> **********************************************
>>>>> IPv4 is over
>>>>> Are you ready for the new Internet ?
>>>>> http://www.theipv6company.com <http://www.theipv6company.com/>
>>>>> The IPv6 Company
>>>>> 
>>>>> This electronic message contains information which may be privileged
>>> or confidential. The information is intended to be for the exclusive use of
>>> the individual(s) named above and further non-explicilty authorized
>>> disclosure, copying, distribution or use of the contents of this
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>>> intended recipient be aware that any disclosure, copying, distribution or
>>> use of the contents of this information, even if partially, including
>>> attached files, is strictly prohibited, will be considered a criminal
>>> offense, so you must reply to the original sender to inform about this
>>> communication and delete it.
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> _______________________________________________
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>>> 
>>> **********************************************
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>>> The IPv6 Company
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